Aortic stenosis or aortic valve stenosis occurs when the aortic valve of the heart narrows down. The narrowing of the aortic valve stops it from opening completely, which obstructs the flow of blood from the heart into the aorta and the rest of the body. Under this condition, the heart needs to exert harder in pumping blood to the body. This exertion from the heart’s end might cause the heart muscles to weaken, limiting the amount of blood being pumped. If somebody has a severe case of aortic valve, they will need a surgery to replace the damaged valve, or else it can lead to grave heart problems. Aortic stenosis majorly affects old people, as the valve that is defective usually hardens and narrows down.

The aortic valve is one of four valves that regulate blood flow through the heart. These valves keep blood flowing in the correct direction through the heart. The aortic valve located between the left ventricle and the main artery that supplies oxygen-rich blood to your body (aorta). During ventricle contraction, the aortic valve opens and allows blood to flow from the left ventricle into the aorta. When the ventricle relaxes, the aortic valve closes to prevent backflow of blood into the ventricle.

Sometimes aortic valve can be damaged and become narrowed or obstructed, which makes it harder for the heart pumps blood into the aorta. This may be caused by congenital heart disease, thickening of the valve's closure flaps (cusps) or post-inflammatory changes, such as those associated with rheumatic heart disease.
All these conditions may require an aortic valve to repair or replacement.

Aortic valve Repair Surgery is an open-heart procedure to fix a poorly functioning heart valve, often without the need for mechanical or biologic parts. Your surgeon separates the fused valve leaflets and removes all calcium deposits hindering valve function, some pieces of floppy/weak valve leaflets may be removed and inserting tissue to patch holes or tears in the flaps (perforated cusps) that close off the valve.